News

Do Now

1)what is the purpose of news?

too make money and profit.

 2) How was new shared historically?

through newspapers

3) what development 150 years ago made it possible to make money from news?

the printing press and TV

4) what development contributed to the decline in newspaper circulation?

tv in the 1950 to 1960s

Tabloid

normally has not took much text and more focuses on images and will have there logo in a big red box at the top of the paper using normally large fonts using bright red colours that are very saturated. some examples of these are the sun and the mirror.

Broadsheet

a broad sheet normally uses double the size of a normally magazine that is filled with much more writing than tabloid and normally has a smaller black font with more serious news some examples of this is the guardian, the times and the daily telegraphy.

Hybrid

is a mix of both with some pictures and some detail writing and either have a box with the logo in or a regular black font like the guardian.

Ownership

Lo: to explore the nature and ownership of the news industry.

1) Rupert Murdoch owns The sun, The time.

2) Scott trust owns The guardian and the observer.

3)  Lord Rothermere The daily mail and the telegraph.

1)The main aim of newspapers is to make money.

2)The content ends up being what ever is the best seller at the time.

British newspapers are owned by a handful of billionaires with over a quarter of the press owned by Lord Rotheremer and 24.9% owned by Rupert Murdoch the two men together both have over 50 percent ownership of printed press.

1) newspapers and their online publications are not legally obliged to provide an unbiased public information service.

2) audiences are provided with opinionated news storys that aren't 100% true.

3) every different news paper is gonna have or show a different story compared to the other having a different opinion.

1) there are ethical and moral codes of press conduct but the printed press is self regulated.

2) there are either fined or legal action is taken against them.

Mail 39% is owned by the Lord Rotherham.

Sun, Times 28% is owned by Rupert Murdoch

Star, express, mirror, people and the daily record 16% is owned by new media investment group

telegraph is owned by telegraph group

  Monday 15 January 2023

Do Now

1) Scotts trust

2) Media Baron: Rupert Murdock

3) Cross conglomerate : DMG Media

4) Lord Rothermere

5) 71%

How does media ownership contribute to news bias?

• Commercial advertising.
• Political opinion of owner.
• Business interest of owners/friends.
• Profit newspapers are not PSB - News is not ' non-fiction 'it is stories designed to sell.

Newspapers gaining political and social influence.

Guardian and Observer are owned by a trust.

Liberal values have meant support from the Guardian for both the labour party and the liberal democrats.

The Guardian : center left liberal party

The mirror :  The labour party 

The independent : 

The times :

The telegraph :

The sun : conservatism

The daily express : 

The daily mail : 

Editors insist owner never interfere with the content of the newspapers. Owner however will appoint the editor. British politicians routinely met with Rupert before elections to seek his support. 

How do newspapers make money?

• Circulation 
• Advertising 
• Paywalls and memberships
• Events and other sales
• Sponsored content

1960s newspapers circulation and advertising for revenue

Monday 29 January 2024

Freedom and Regulation

For

• To protect privacy for everyday people.
• To hold newspapers accountable for their actions.

Against

• Press freedom to avoid bias.
• No control - Investigate sensitive areas.

Audience

LO: to investigate the audience for the OBSERVER publication

• Buy from a shop.
• Social media pages.
• Their online websites.
• Buy in print.
• Phone news apps.

1) The Scott trust

2) Labour party ( left wing )

3)  Self regulation.

4) Digital donations and advertisement's and sponsorships

5) They want to let everyone have access to their opinion and newspapers instead of only the rich and wealthy.

Age range

one third of their audiences is 15-34 year olds and the rest being over 35 years old

Gender

they have a slightly more male bias

Where they live

they live mostly in London and the south

Social class and political view point

Middle class (abc1) and Left wing political stand point

Values and interest

Arts and culture while also food and drink.  they are also describe as progressives which means moving on and changing.

1) the coming together of two different media

2) It applies to the observer because of how they have used mobile apps and websites to make their newspapers more reachable and widespread for an wider range of audience.

3) Digital convergence helps the observer appeal to a wider range of audience through there use of having different mobile apps and websites that makes it easier for people to access on all different types of technology to access while also appealing to different audience by using different genres of their newspapers that are easily accessible that will appeal to a wide ranged audience. It has almost endless content on their website that will appeal to a wide ranged audience.

Monday 5 February 2024

Do Now

1) One way that newspapers are funded is through donation like the observer as they don't force you to pay a subscription to watch and read their content but they instead offer donation that people can send to them if they support their ideas and views in their newspaper.

Another way that newspapers are funded is through advertising placed in their websites and also on their printed copy of the paper that companies will pay newspaper business like the observer to advertise their product on the front page that will bring a wider viewership to their product.

Media Language

Lo: to investigate how print newspapers use media language to create meaning

Advantages of online news

• You can reach a wider audience range .
• you can see all previous news articles released before.
• you can see newly released newspapers as soon as its made.
• The producers don't have to pay for people to pay to print the paper and deliver it.
• its easier to access than going out and buying a physical copy.
• There is a wider range of news for people to chose from.

Disadvantage of online news

• People cant have a physical copy of the news article.
• don't get the same money of sales.
• you need internet to access it and some people may not have any.

Age, Gender, Race and ethnicity.

Themes of politics, hard news, lifestyle, culture, sports, expressed in the representations.

Liberalism, internationalism, patriarchy/anti-sexism, racism/ anti-racism, expressed in representations and Consumerism, celebrity culture, multiculturalism.

Patriarchy: is a system or society or government.

Consumerism: is to Buy something.

Multiculturalism: is appreciating different cultures.

Masthead: is the " The Observer" in a black, bold serif font which tells us how this magazine observers the world and reports it through news.

Date line:

Headline: " labour draws up ultra-safe 'Bomb proof' manifesto" this shows us how they may support the labour party as they describes their bomb proof as ultra safe.

Subheading: "Patients tell of trauma at rehab linked to scientology" This shows how they are are sophisticated by using words like scientology showing us the newspaper is for a more educated audience.

Caption:

Stand first: The stand first talks quotes " Social care and lords reforms trimmed" and " Caution adopted to avoid tory attacks" these both shows us how the newspaper is sophisticated and well educated by talking about politics and is more labour based and pushing their opinion onto their newspaper and that it is a very serious and not very jokey or comedic newspaper.

Copy:

Main image: The main image of Michelle o'Neil a politician as Northern Irelands new first nationlist minster. This shows us how the observer show their audience important news around the world and not just in England.

Minor images: There are minor images of matt smith and Donald trump vs Taylor swift and also a image of a meal. This shows us how the observers audiences is a much richer audience more focused on food and culture that is represented through the minor images

Columns: The writing is place in symmetrical columns  that fits the codes and conventions of a magazine.

Skybox:

Pull quote: " Intermittent fasting starving sunak is provovcation for those politcians

Monday 19 February 2024

Advantages of print newspapers

• you can reach an older audience target that don't know how to access online media.
• you can have a higher income and charge more for a physical copy of the newspaper.
• 
  

Disadvantages of print newspapers

• Its costly for the company to print newspapers
• you cant buy previous / old articles that aren't getting printed anymore.
• you cant reach a wider audience like you can through online media.
• you have to physically go to the shop and buy the newspaper.

• The masthead for all of these is " The Observer" this suggest that this newspaper observes the world and shares is to everyone with an unbiased opinion.
• The navigation bar shows us " News, opinion, sport, culture, lifestyle and more" this is to show their variety of different news articles and how they can reach a much wider audience with more topics to write about.
• The stand firsts are about different topics such as "Brexit blow out" and more about different sport and world topics such as the Ukrainian war, they use stand firsts to easily attract the attention of the reader and provoke them to read more about what seems like an interesting topic and to give the reader a small description about the article.
• Byline
• Headline is used to attract the audience with a short phrase that will intrigue them to read more of the article to see what happens.
• Subheading 
• Main image is normally a iconic or controversial image that will grab a readers attention without having to read the subheading or stand first so that way people/readers can easily identify an article just by scanning the images.
• Minor images are used to show more about different areas of a certain topic that often lead to a whole different article and this is used to interest a reader more and more into a deeper topic just by looking at the images and being intrigued by it.
• Links are used to take readers to a different or more in depth article where they can read more into a certain topic that they find interesting.
• Pull quotes are used to pull the reader in quickly by interesting them with a quick and snappy phrase or sentence that will use hyperboles to exaggerate a topic that will interest the reader. 
• Adverts are used as the newspaper company is paid by the advertisers to promote a product on their page that will often be seen on the left or right hand sided but never in the middle of the screen.
• Videos are used to keep the interest the reader further by adding something that will keep the readers attention and visually show what they are writing about in the article
• social media links are used to further take the reader to more from the newspaper company that have accounts on many different sites like facebook and twitter.

• Political bias (left/right)
• Owned by the guardian media group
• Representations: people, cultures, places, race, fender, sexuality, class.
• Variety of features.
• Choice of text/ images placement and size.

Leftwing: is when your a for the people political party with socialist views and they support those in need.

Political bias: The observer is left wing as Zelensky the Ukrainian president "Pleads" for help which shows us the observer values his opinion and need.

 

On the banner at the top of the article it quotes " the guardian" "the newspaper of the year"

that is then followed by a link to the GMG.

The observers focuses on different cultures as it tries to have objective veiws about a variety of places such as Egypt, Sweden and brazil.

Monday 4 March 2024

Do Now

1.   Navigation bar: A link to appropriate sections/pages in a website that helps the reader in traversing the online document.
2.  Banner: A heading or advertisement appearing on a web page in the form of a bar, column or box.
3.   Pull Quote: Made up of text that is pulled from the text that is, duplicated and presented on the page as an attention-grabbing visual element.
4.  Stand First: the first summary paragraph of text in newspaper article.
5.   Masthead: The title of the newspaper.

1) " Lawyers will urge divorce by consent " this shows women will have more rights moving into the 1960s. There is a social change starting as women move into the 1960s as there is a move to more equal gender equality. Patriarchal society of the 1960s. Because law council was stuffed by men and women didn't have the same rights to divorce.

2) "Wilson Brown market crash" political news story surrounding Europe and its relationship with Britain of which is complicated.

3) "So polite, this north sea spy game" ,"America accused of spy frame-up". Cold war between America soviet union and Russia. Cold war is a state of political hostility. between countries characterised by threats, propaganda and other measures of short open warfare. Historical context of fear pf invasion when the use the words 'spys" "game"

4)" Jackie were very happy" reflects patriarchal society of men being in power. and shows women in only the role of being a wife as this is what life was like in the 1960s.

5) " Unions postpone strike" the start of a big social change.

6) " Britain shoots a gold" the change to anti-racism while using racist terminology in their text, there was many protest about racism moving into the 1960s they were called the civil right protest of the 1960s.

7) "Stephen Pollock .... with Elizabeth Vambe , 21 Rhodesian - born African, after marriage yesterday" this shows how interracial marriage was not accept yet in the 1960s.

Monday 11 March 2024

Do Now

1.  racial issues. 
2.  sexist gender pay gap.
3.  Civil war.
4. Civil rights protest.
5. vietnam war.
6. Homophobia.
7. Cold war

Historical case studies

Lo: to evaluate the impact of social, cultural, political and historic contexts on 1960s newspapers. To structure an exam style response.

Explain how broadsheet newspapers reflect the time and historic contexts in which they were published. Refer to the observer front page from October 20 1966 that you have studied to support your answer.

The Observer broadsheet newspaper reflects the time and historic events like racism during the 196os through the use of headlines like " Briton shoots gold" where the story talks about civil rights protest during the olympics where a participant wore a black glove and quotes the reason he won so easily was because he had to run to school as fast as he could everyday. The newspapers also describe African groups as "Negroes". This racist views of the 1960s can also be seen in another article the uses the headline " Jackie : were very happy" this shows how a interracial marriage is so different and unseen in society that it can even make the front page.This clearly shows that 1960s was a time where we saw much more racist issues happening around the world and newspapers reflect the time of their production and the contextual issues that are in that time.

The Observer broadsheet newspaper also reflects the time and historic events such as sexist and gender issues during the 1960s through the use of headlines such as "Lawyers will urge divorce by consent". This shows us the patriarchal society of the 1960s as society starts moving closer to gender equality as lawyers fight for women to have more rights and more decisions during a divorce that was mostly controlled by the husband. This clearly indicates that in society in the 1960s we saw a lot more sexist and gender gaps and newspapers reflect the time of their production and the contextual issues that are in that time.

The Observer broadsheet newspaper also reflects the time and historic events such as the cold war in the 1960s that can be seen in through the use of headlines such as "so polite this north sea spy game". This shows us the threat of invasion that was feared by most of the uk and how it effected the lives of english men and women as the threat of invasion from Russia was feared. This clearly indicates that society in the 1960s we saw more threats of invasion on England and newspapers reflect the time of their production and the contextual issues that are in that time.

1) Address the question

2) An example from the Observer of how they reflect the context.

3) Explain what this example indicates about the context of the production.

4) link back to question.    

Monday 25 March 2024

Do Now

• Topics are exaggerated for dramatic effect meant for a more mainstream audience and uses large images more than loads of text writing. They also use much brighter more saturated colours like reds and whites and show a lot of ADs throughout their newspapers.
• Broad sheets use more text and not many images as they need to reach a more sophisticated audience. These newspapers typically use not so saturated and bright colours like black and blues and also don't show as much advertising on their newspapers.
• The observer is tabloid.

Guided practice question 9

Lo: To explore the exam format for Q9 for the news unit and apply and analysis skill and exam writing technique.

Intro

Yes it is a broadsheet newspaper, because of the copy ( Text ) and the masthead, Only one image and the Headline.

Paragraph One

The Masthead is a bold, serif font that is black and white that uses capitals and lowercase letters. The masthead represents the newspapers serious news tone with the serif font that shows a traditional element, The capital letters and lower case letters shows the formal element to news.

Paragraph Two     

The photograph is a mid shot at a press conference that has a staged photo opportunity. Rishi Sunak and an American politician. The image is a positive image and this is seen through the body language of them shaking hands and wearing suits in a formal. This is hard news because it is politics which is expected in the industry for a broadsheet newspaper. The Uk and Us work together politically and have done through out history since WW1 and WW2. Both there happy faces and the flags together in the background show them and their countries collaboration.

This Observer cover reflects generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper through the use of its text, masthead, headlines and image. An example of this is through the use of the headlines used in the newspaper such as " Johnson threatens Sunak's bid to end deadlock over Brexit" This clearly indicates that the observer establishes itself as a broadsheet newspaper as the topic the headline is talking about is politics between the United Kingdom and the United States as this is a more formal and sophisticated topic that would be talked about in many broadsheet newspapers such as the observer as it doesn't use any un-formal or slang words within its headline that is about a serious topic and talks about hard news.

 

 The Observer cover reflects generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper through the use of its Copy/Text that is used and seen all over the front cover of this observer magazine. This is seen through the 7+ paragraphs that talk about politics and alliance between the uk and us which is a very formal and sophisticated topic that follows the convention of a broadsheet newspaper. The text is also written in a very formal way that is written this way to reach a more sophisticated target audience that this broadsheet newspaper will be trying to reach as topics such as politics is a hard topic news which we will expect to see written about in the industry as it follows the broadsheet newspaper genre and conventions.      

In conclusion the observer newspaper is very much represented and show to be a broadsheet newspaper through its use of genre and media conventions that it follows.

        

   Monday 15 April 202

Do Now

• media language, industry, audience, representation (LIAR)
• Wars, Civil rights, racism, sexism, The cold war, patriarchy
• Ukraine vs Russian war, excepting society in terms of sexuality and race, multi cultural, globalisation of news ( worldwide news )

 PPE Exam Dirt

PPE Question 6

Age, gender, race

PPE Question 7

you cant regulate someone who is not within your country and there is no central regulator for the entire internet as there would be to much to cover.

PPE Question 8

The high proportions of copy on the front page which shows the conventions of a broadsheet newspaper as they normally have loads of text with one to 2 or barley any images. Another it looks like a broadsheet newspaper is through the use of the serif font masthead which is used in most brodsheet newspapers as it is a very formal and sophisticated masthead compared to a tabloid newspaper that is aimed at less sophisticated audience.

The Sun is a example of a tabloid newspaper and The Times is an example of a broadsheet newspaper.

PPE Question 9

They have none sexualised representations of women and anti-stereotypical views of a terrorist. They represent their audience by having a food ad and food related article on their front cover as it targets their middle class audience. They also represent the observers typical left-wing / liberal views.

The representations are typical of the observer is shown through the main image as it shows a female and male in equal light which shows the observers equality of gender and without sexualising the female in the image which shows their liberal view points on equality and gender / race.

The representations are typical of an observer newspaper as this can been seen through the use of the

PPE Question 10

Focus on media language and how it was influenced by the 1960s and how it differs from observer newspapers of today. How did context influence the front page. you could talk about the influence of gender inequalities and how the 1960s has more text than todays newspapers. you could also talk about homophobia, racism and the influence of the cold war spies that can be seen within the newspaper and how there is a slow move away from racism and sexism through protests.

1) i would first talk about the influence of the cold war spies on the news.

2) i would talk about the larger amount of text that differs from newspapers of today.

3) i would also talk about the influence of racism on the representations of race and ethnicity.4

4) i would also talk about

Monday 29 April 2024

Question 10 Modern analysis

Lo: To explore the contextual issues of news in a modern newspaper.

• Tabloid newspapers have more images than a broadsheet newspaper they also have many more images than writing. Tabloid newspapers are for less educated. Tabloid newspapers show much less serious topics that are much less educated that normally have some type of comedic value.
• Broadsheet newspapers have more writing than images. Broadsheets are for a much more educated audience. Broadsheet newspapers show much more educated and serious topics that go in to a lot more depth than tabloid newspapers.
• The observer is a broadsheet newspaper that has a lot of writing 

Exam format Question 9

The observer reflects generic conventions of a Broadsheet newspaper an example of this can be seen through the formal block capital san-serif font they use on all of their front pages as their logo and this establishes that the observer see itself as a highly educated and formal newspaper that covers serious topics around the world and this is seen because of their name " The Observer " which indicates they observe the world and its problems and thats want they print of their newspapers. Therefore it is clearly evident that the observer does use media language to reflect the generic conventions of a broadsheet newspaper through its use of a masthead.

Question 10

 

Context: can mean the history and the exposition behind a topic and any background information about it. Also the influences of something.

1) Context of 2024 is the Ukrainian war and Palestine vs Israeli war. 

2) The life style of today means there is more equality and multiculturalism.

( BLM protest shown in the newspaper shows multiculturalism) ( multicultural due to the articles about racism written by people from ethnic backgrounds.) ( Female featured on cover which shows sexually equality in this time) ( Lgbtq features in skybox of newspaper)

3) Less patriarchal society. 

( Female on front cover shows a less patriarchal society)

4) Much more advanced technology than the 1960s such as having mobile phones, printers, The internet.

5) More consumerism by spending money on things that aren't essential. 

(Article on outdoor furniture is consumerism) (Free food add on the skybox that is not essential to survival) (Valentines day more consumerism)

6) More job opportunities like influencer and being famous is more thought about. 

( Celebrity features in skybox of the newspaper)

7) More job opportunities with the Internet and advancement in technology. 

8) More inflation than the 1960s.

9) Pursuit of online news which was not possible in the 1960s. 

The Observer from today depicts the contextual issues of consumerism through the use of the skybox in most of the observer newspapers. An example of this is seen when one of the observer skyboxes has an outdoor furniture advert featuring a celebrity to intrigue more people into buying stuff that isn't a need but just a want for personal use and isn't actually needed to survive. This indicates that in todays society we value a lot of stuff that we don't actually need and that in today society we are much careless with our money and spend it on things that we don't actually need. Therefore it is clear to see that contextual issues at this time very much differs from the contextual issues of the 1960s and that the contextual issues are represented through newspapers at this time.

The Observer from today depicts the contextual issues of a less patriarchy society through the use of the main image on their magazines. An example of this is when a female with bright red lipstick can be seen on the main image in a women's march. This indicates that in todays society we are much more equal to different genders and have a much less patriarchally society than what is represented in the 1960s Observer newspapers. This shows we value equality much more in society today than ever before.

Monday 20 May 2024

Do Now

1. Ofcom
2. The BBC
3. radio without adverts that is paid for by the government which benefits the public.
4. Convergence

The representations of the Main character in skater boy being rebellious and popular with a city life and a group of teenagers life represented in the city.

The representations that are different in teenage dirtbag is seen in the setting of the school and how the main character is bullied and not very liked.

Question 3

Radio programmes target different audiences through different music genres and topics that they talk about and also having different artist such as in the live lounge with stormzy to target different audiences through having different artist from different genres feature on the radio. Radio programmes do this to have a wider ranged audience so they can make more money of the radio programmer by targeting more people and either reaching a remit or advertising to a larger audience which in return will give them more profit.

Live Lounge

Live Lounge is on BBC Radio one and has the presenters Ricky, Melvin and Charlie who are also tv presenters and musicians. They are in their early 30s and reflect the audiences age range and they use slang such as " big up " and " sick " to familiarise themselves with the audience. They normally host and promote British artists.

Question 4

She is represented as rebellious in the image and almost gothic like through her make up and her serious toned face in the main image. 

Question 5

You need a conclusion and you could talk about contexts such as changes in gender roles, attitudes to sexuality, Multiculturalism, Celebrity culture and Consumerism. Break down what the question is asking .... us the media language different because of the genre.

• Masthead
• Typography
• Colour pallet
• Coverlines and lexis
• Main image
• Layout of magazine

In conclusion the media language used in both magazines very much different in genre and representations through the use of their very differing layout, masthead, lexis, cover lines and colour pallet this is due to the difference in genre in the magazines.